Hommage au Professeur Ogobara Doumbo

Le Professeur Ogobara Doumbo nous a quittés le samedi 9 juin 2018 à Marseille. De nombreux témoignages du monde entier ont rendu hommage à l’œuvre exceptionnelle du chercheur et médecin malien. Un deuil national d’une journée a été décrété par le Président de la République du Mali le samedi 16 juin 2018. Plusieurs milliers de personnes l’ont célébré sur le boulevard de l'Indépendance à Bamako.

A travers ce texte, c’est avant tout l’humaniste et le chercheur ouvert aux sciences humaines que nous souhaitons remercier et auquel nous voulons rendre hommage.
Le Professeur Ogobara Doumbo avait compris l’intérêt des sciences humaines, comme outil au service de la santé publique. Il avait compris la nécessité d’une approche plus holistique des problèmes de santé et de pauvreté en Afrique et dans le monde. Il avait également compris que les sciences médicales et les sciences humaines devaient s’alimenter réciproquement pour prendre tout leur sens et atteindre leur objectif ultime: l’amélioration du bien-être des populations. Il avait compris ces aspects fondamentaux de l’interdisciplinarité sans arrière-pensée et dans un engagement altruiste total.
Certains d’entre nous à la FERDI, au CERDI au Centre d’économie de la Sorbonne ont été ses collègues et ses amis. D’autres ont également été ses élèves accueillis au MRTC - son centre de recherche et de formation sur le paludisme - comme tant d’étudiants africains, européens, asiatiques ou américains. Au total, ceux qui l’ont connu ont été les trois à la fois et sont unanimes sur le caractère avant-gardiste de son action, son humanisme, sa bienveillance et son humilité.
Certains ont dit que le Mali avait perdu son Victor Hugo de la recherche. Le Professeur était aussi un savant mélange de Louis Pasteur, d’Albert Schweitzer et de Hamadou Hampaté Bâ, s’il fallait se référer à quelques figures du passé pour souligner l’exception.
Mais le Professeur Ogobara Doumbo était avant tout un homme singulier au service d'autres hommes, tourné vers l’excellence de la recherche mais aussi vers l'action dans l’une des régions les plus pauvres et les plus instables du monde à ce jour. Co – fondateur de SANTE SUD, promoteur de la médecine de campagne au Mali et de la médecine générale communautaire, il a œuvré de façon concrète et pratique à établir non seulement un réseau de recherche de pointe mais également à lutter contre l’exclusion dans des régions reculées et extrêmement pauvres. Directeur du MRTC, directeur adjoint chargé du Pôle Mali de l’Unité mixte du CNRS « Environnement Santé et Société » et associé à d’autres centres de recherche en France et aux Etats-Unis (l’UMR SESSTIM, la Tulane School of Public Health), il a créé un modèle de développement par la recherche s’adossant à de nombreuses collaborations internationales et interdisciplinaires.
Un hommage issu du monde de la santé publique a été fait ici par des collègues qui appréciaient comme nous les valeurs du Professeur Doumbo. Nous retiendrons ici en complément quelques-unes de ses réalisations en lien avec les sciences humaines. A défaut de pouvoir mettre des mots sur l’immense vide laissé par le Professeur, nous avons voulu lister quelques publications dans ce domaine, pour que son œuvre serve d’exemple aux générations futures. Elles pourront trouver ici certaines de ses contributions scientifiques et s’en servir comme source d’inspiration.

Extrait de la bibliographie du Professeur Ogobara Doumbo

  • Agarwal, A. et al. 2000. “Hemoglobin C Associated with Protection from Severe Malaria in the Dogon of Mali, a West African Population with a Low Prevalence of Hemoglobin S.” Blood 96(7): 2358–63.
  • Akum E. et al. 2008. “A Global Network for Investigating the Genomic Epidemiology of Malaria.” Nature 456(7223): 732–37. 
  • Alonso, P. L. et al. 2011. “A Research Agenda to Underpin Malaria Eradication.” PLoS Medicine 8(1): e1000406. 
  • Arama, C. et al. 2015. “Ethnic Differences in Susceptibility to Malaria: What Have We Learned from Immuno-Epidemiological Studies in West Africa?” Acta tropica 146: 152–56. 
  • Ardiet, D-L. et al. 2014. “Patterns of Malaria Indices across Three Consecutive Seasons in Children in a Highly Endemic Area of West Africa: A Three Times-Repeated Cross-Sectional Study.” Malaria journal 13(1): 199.
  • Audibert, M. et al. 1993. “Social and Epidemiological Aspects of Guinea Worm Control.” Social science & medicine (1982) 36(4): 463–74. 
  • Barger, B. et al. 2009. “Intermittent Preventive Treatment Using Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapy Reduces Malaria Morbidity among School-Aged Children in Mali.” Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH 14(7): 784–91. 
  • Barry, A. et al. 2018. “Optimal Mode for Delivery of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention in Ouelessebougou, Mali: A Cluster Randomized Trial” ed. Georges Snounou. PLOS ONE 13(3): e0193296. 
  • Berthélemy, J-C.,Thuilliez J., Doumbo O., and Gaudart J. 2013. “Malaria and Protective Behaviours: Is There a Malaria Trap?” Malaria journal 12(1): 200.
  • Billo, Mounkaila A. et al. 2012. “Sickle Cell Trait Protects Against Plasmodium Falciparum Infection.” American Journal of Epidemiology 176 (suppl_7): S175–85. 
  • Bousema, Teun et al. 2016. “The Impact of Hotspot-Targeted Interventions on Malaria Transmission in Rachuonyo South District in the Western Kenyan Highlands: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial.” ed. Stephen John Rogerson. PLoS medicine 13(4): e1001993. 
  • Breman, Joel G. et al. 2006. Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries Conquering Malaria. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank. 
  • Bruno, E. et al. 2012. “Results of an Action-Research on Epilepsy in Rural Mali.” ed. John E. Mendelson. PloS one 7(8): e44469. 
  • Bruno, J M et al. 1997. “The Spirit of Dakar: A Call for Action on Malaria.” Nature 386(6625): 541. 
  • Chokshi, Dave A et al. 2007. “Valid Consent for Genomic Epidemiology in Developing Countries.” PLoS medicine 4(4): e95. 
  • Coulibaly, D. et al. 2002. “Impact of Preseason Treatment on Incidence of Falciparum Malaria and Parasite Density at a Site for Testing Malaria Vaccines in Bandiagara, Mali.” The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene 67(6): 604–10. 
  • Coulibaly, D. et al. 2013. “Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Malaria within a Transmission Season in Bandiagara, Mali.” Malaria journal 12(1): 82.
  • Coulibaly, D. et al. 2017. “Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Asymptomatic Malaria: Bridging the Gap Between Annual Malaria Resurgences in a Sahelian Environment.” The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene 97(6): 1761–69. 
  • Coulibaly, S. et al. 2007. “[Neighbourhood Rural Medicine: An Experience of Rural Doctors in Mali].” Education for health (Abingdon, England) 20(2): 47. 
  • Dabo, A et al. 2010. “[Snakebites in the Sudanian and Sahelian Zones of Mali: Epidemiology, Symptoms and Treatment].” Medecine tropicale : revue du Corps de sante colonial 70(1): 49–52. 
  • Dabo, A et al. 1995. “[Epidemiology of Schistosomiasis in a Suburban School Area of Bamako (Republic of Mali)].” Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique (1990) 88(1): 29–34. 
  • Dabo, A., Mahamat Badawi H., Bary B., and Ogobara K Doumbo. 2011. “Urinary Schistosomiasis among Preschool-Aged Children in Sahelian Rural Communities in Mali.” Parasites & vectors 4(1): 21. 
  • Dabo, A. et al. 2013. “Factors Associated with Coverage of Praziquantel for Schistosomiasis Control in the Community-Direct Intervention (CDI) Approach in Mali (West Africa).” Infectious diseases of poverty 2(1): 11.
  • Dabo, Abdoulaye et al. 2015. “Urban Schistosomiasis and Associated Determinant Factors among School Children in Bamako, Mali, West Africa.” Infectious diseases of poverty 4(1): 4. 
  • Daou, M. et al. 2015. “Protection of Malian Children from Clinical Malaria Is Associated with Recognition of Multiple Antigens.” Malaria journal 14(1): 56. 
  • Desai, Meghna et al. 2016. “Impact of Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine Resistance on Effectiveness of Intermittent Preventive Therapy for Malaria in Pregnancy at Clearing Infections and Preventing Low Birth Weight.” Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 62(3): 323–33. 
  • Diaby, B et al. 2011. “[Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Traditional Healers on the Topic of Malaria in the City of Abidjan].” Le Mali médical 26(3): 8–12. 
  • Diallo, Dapa A. et al. 2005. “Community Permission for Medical Research in Developing Countries.” Clinical Infectious Diseases 41(2): 255–59. 
  • Dicko, A. et al. 2011. “Malaria Morbidity in Children in the Year after They Had Received Intermittent Preventive Treatment of Malaria in Mali: A Randomized Control Trial” ed. James G. Beeson. PLoS ONE 6(8): e23390. 
  • Dicko, A. et al. 2003. “Risk Factors for Malaria Infection and Anemia for Pregnant Women in the Sahel Area of Bandiagara, Mali.” Acta tropica 89(1): 17–23. 
  • Dolo, A et al. 2003. “[Epidemiology of Malaria in a Village of Sudanese Savannah Area in Mali (Bancoumana). 2. Entomo-Parasitological and Clinical Study ].” Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique (1990) 96(4): 308–12. 
  • Dolo, A et al. 2012. “[Relationship between Malaria and Anemia in Two Ethnic Groups Living in Sympatry in Mali].” Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique (1990) 105(5): 370–76.
  • Dolo, A. et al. 2003. “[Epidemiology of Malaria in a Village of Sudanese Savannah in Mali (Bancoumana). Anti-TRAP and Anti-CS Humoral Immunity Response].” Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique (1990) 96(4): 287–90. 
  • Dolo, A. et al. 2005. “Difference in Susceptibility to Malaria between Two Sympatric Ethnic Groups in Mali.” The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene 72(3): 243–48.
  • Doumbo, O et al. “[Epidemiology of Human Urban Schistosomiasis in Bamako in Mali (the Case of the "populous" Quarter of Bankoni)].” Médecine tropicale : revue du Corps de sante colonial 52(4): 427–34. 
  • Doumbo, O. K. 2005. “Global Voices of Science. It Takes a Village: Medical Research and Ethics in Mali.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 307(5710): 679–81. 
  • Doumbo, Ogobara, Ibrahima Socé Fall, and Doumbo Niaré. 2016. “[Malaria Is Still a Leading Cause of Fever and Death among Children and Pregnant Women in Africa in 2015].” Bulletin de l’Académie nationale de médecine 200(3): 453–66. 
  • Ellis, Ruth D et al. 2010. “Comparing the Understanding of Subjects Receiving a Candidate Malaria Vaccine in the United States and Mali.” The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene 83(4): 868–72.
  • Farnarier, G et al. 2000. “[Onchocerciasis and Epilepsy. Epidemiological Survey in Mali].” Médecine tropicale : revue du Corps de sante colonial 60(2): 151–55. 
  • Farouk, S.E et al. 2005. “Different Antibody- and Cytokine-Mediated Responses to Plasmodium Falciparum Parasite in Two Sympatric Ethnic Tribes Living in Mali.” Microbes and infection 7(1): 110–17. 
  • Gaudart, J et al. 2007. “[Spatial Cluster Detection without Point Source Specification: The Use of Five Methods and Comparison of Their Results].” Revue d’épidémiologie et de sante publique 55(4): 297–306. 
  • Gaudart, J. et al. 2006. “Space-Time Clustering of Childhood Malaria at the Household Level: A Dynamic Cohort in a Mali Village.” BMC public health 6(1): 286.
  • Gaudart, J., Poudiougou B., Ranque S., and Doumbo O.. 2005. “Oblique Decision Trees for Spatial Pattern Detection: Optimal Algorithm and Application to Malaria Risk.” BMC medical research methodology 5(1): 22.
  • Gaudart, J. et al. 2009. “Modelling Malaria Incidence with Environmental Dependency in a Locality of Sudanese Savannah Area, Mali.” Malaria journal 8(1): 61.
  • Hill, J. et al. 2015. “Access and Use of Interventions to Prevent and Treat Malaria among Pregnant Women in Kenya and Mali: A Qualitative Study.” ed. Adrian J.F. Luty. PloS one 10(3): e0119848. 
  • Holmlund, U. et al. 2010. “Maternal Country of Origin, Breast Milk Characteristics and Potential Influences on Immunity in Offspring.” Clinical and experimental immunology 162(3): 500–509. 
  • Kayentao, K. et al. 2005. “Comparison of Intermittent Preventive Treatment with Chemoprophylaxis for the Prevention of Malaria during Pregnancy in Mali.” The Journal of infectious diseases 191(1): 109–16. 
  • Kayentao, K. et al. 2007. “Assessing Malaria Burden during Pregnancy in Mali.” Acta tropica 102(2): 106–12. 
  • Kone, A.K. et al. 2016. “Epidemiology of the Outbreak, Vectors and Reservoirs of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Mali: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine 9(10): 985–90. 
  • Lyke, Kirsten E et al. 2005. “Association of Schistosoma Haematobium Infection with Protection against Acute Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria in Malian Children.” The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene 73(6): 1124–30.
  • Maiga, H. et al. 2014. “School Performance after Intermittent Preventive Treatment Using Artemisinin-Based Combination.” International Journal of Infectious Diseases 21: 277. 
  • Consultative Group on Monitoring, Evaluation, and Surveillance. 2011. “A Research Agenda for Malaria Eradication: Monitoring, Evaluation, and Surveillance.” PLoS Medicine 8(1): e1000400. 
  • Miller, L.H., Dror I. Baruch, Kevin Marsh, and Ogobara K. Doumbo. 2002. “The Pathogenic Basis of Malaria.” Nature 415(6872): 673–79. 
  • Ngoungou, E B et al. 2007. “[Persistent Neurological Sequelae due to Cerebral Malaria in a Cohort of Children from Mali].” Revue neurologique 163(5): 583–88. 
  • Nyika, A. et al. 2010. “Engaging Diverse Communities Participating in Clinical Trials: Case Examples from across Africa.” Malaria journal 9(1): 86. 
  • Parker, Michael et al. 2009. “Ethical Data Release in Genome-Wide Association Studies in Developing Countries.” PLoS medicine 6(11): e1000143. 
  • Rhee, M et al. 2005. “Malaria Prevention Practices in Mopti Region, Mali.” East African medical journal 82(8): 396–402. 
  • Rhee, M. et al. 2005. “Use of Insecticide-Treated Nets (ITNs) Following a Malaria Education Intervention in Piron, Mali: A Control Trial with Systematic Allocation of Households.” Malaria journal 4(1): 35. 
  • Safeukui-Noubissi, Innocent et al. 2004. “Risk Factors for Severe Malaria in Bamako, Mali: A Matched Case-Control Study.” Microbes and Infection 6(6): 572–78. 
  • Sangaré, Abdoul Karim, Ogobara K. Doumbo, and Didier Raoult. 2016. “Management and Treatment of Human Lice.” BioMed Research International 2016: 1–12. 
  • Sangho, H, A Dabo, H Coulibaly, and O Doumbo. 2002. “[Prevalence and Perception of Schistosomiasis in a Periurban School of Bamako in Mali].” Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique (1990) 95(4): 292–94. 
  • Sangho, H et al. 2005. “Attitude and Practice of Health Staff in the Management of Simple Malaria in the Health District of Niono in Mali.” Le Mali médical 20(3): 21–24. 
  • Sissoko, Mahamadou Soumana et al. 2004. “Malaria Incidence in Relation to Rice Cultivation in the Irrigated Sahel of Mali.” Acta tropica 89(2): 161–70. 
  • Sokhna, Cheikh, Oumar Gaye, and Ogobara Doumbo. 2017. “Developing Research in Infectious and Tropical Diseases in Africa: The Paradigm of Senegal.” Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 65(suppl_1): S64–69. 
  • Tandina, F et al. “[Epidemiology of Schistosomiasis in the Periurban Area of Sotuba, 10 Years Mass Treatment Began in Mali].” Médecine et sante tropicales 26(1): 51–56. 
  • Théra, M A et al. 2000. “Child Malaria Treatment Practices among Mothers in the District of Yanfolila, Sikasso Region, Mali.” Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH 5(12): 876–81. 
  • Thuilliez, J., d’Albis H., Niangaly H., and Doumbo O. 2017. “Malaria and Education: Evidence from Mali.” Journal of African Economies 26(4): 443–69.
  • Thuilliez, J. et al. 2010. “Malaria and Primary Education in Mali: A Longitudinal Study in the Village of Donéguébougou.” Social Science & Medicine 71(2): 324–34. 
  • Tishkoff, S. A. et al. 2009. “The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans.” Science 324(5930): 1035–44. 
  • Tran, Tuan M et al. 2013. “An Intensive Longitudinal Cohort Study of Malian Children and Adults Reveals No Evidence of Acquired Immunity to Plasmodium Falciparum Infection.” Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 57(1): 40–47. 
  • Traore, Karim et al. 2015. “Understandings of Genomic Research in Developing Countries: A Qualitative Study of the Views of MalariaGEN Participants in Mali.” BMC medical ethics 16(1): 42. 
  • Vafa, M. et al. 2007. “Associations between the IL-4 -590 T Allele and Plasmodium Falciparum Infection Prevalence in Asymptomatic Fulani of Mali.” Microbes and infection 9(9): 1043–48. 
  • Webster, J. et al. 2013. “Prevention of Malaria in Pregnancy with Intermittent Preventive Treatment and Insecticide Treated Nets in Mali: A Quantitative Health Systems Effectiveness Analysis” ed. Thomas Eisele. PLoS ONE 8(6): e67520. 
  • Webster, Jayne et al. 2013. “A Qualitative Health Systems Effectiveness Analysis of the Prevention of Malaria in Pregnancy with Intermittent Preventive Treatment and Insecticide Treated Nets in Mali.” ed. Thomas Eisele. PloS one 8(7): e65437. 
  • WHO IPTi Technical Expert Group. 2008. “Intermittent Preventive Antimalarial Treatment in Infancy.” The Lancet 372(9647): 1383–84. 
  • Wilson, Anne L, and IPTc Taskforce. 2011. “A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy and Safety of Intermittent Preventive Treatment of Malaria in Children (IPTc).” ed. David Diemert. PloS one 6(2): e16976. 
  • WWARN Artemisinin based Combination Therapy (ACT) Africa Baseline Study Group et al. 2015. “Clinical Determinants of Early Parasitological Response to ACTs in African Patients with Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria: A Literature Review and Meta-Analysis of Individual Patient Data.” BMC medicine 13(1): 212. 



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