Hommage au Professeur Ogobara Doumbo

Clermont-Ferrand et Paris le 19/06/2018Le Professeur Ogobara Doumbo nous a quittés le samedi 9 juin 2018 à Marseille. De nombreux témoignages du monde entier ont rendu hommage à l’œuvre exceptionnelle du chercheur et médecin malien. Un deuil national d’une journée a été décrété par le Président de la République du Mali le samedi 16 juin 2018. Plusieurs milliers de personnes l’ont célébré sur le boulevard de l'Indépendance à Bamako.A travers ce texte, c’est avant tout l’humaniste et le chercheur ouvert aux sciences humaines que nous souhaitons remercier et auquel nous voulons rendre hommage. Le Professeur Ogobara Doumbo avait compris l’intérêt des sciences humaines, comme outil au service de la santé publique. Il avait compris la nécessité d’une approche plus holistique des problèmes de santé et de pauvreté en Afrique et dans le monde. Il avait également compris que les sciences médicales et les sciences humaines devaient s’alimenter réciproquement pour prendre tout leur sens et atteindre leur objectif ultime : l’amélioration du bien-être des populations. Il avait compris ces aspects fondamentaux de l’interdisciplinarité sans arrière-pensée et dans un engagement altruiste total.Certains d’entre nous à la FERDI, au CERDI au Centre d’économie de la Sorbonne ont été ses collègues et ses amis. D’autres ont également été ses élèves accueillis au MRTC - son centre de recherche et de formation sur le paludisme - comme tant d’étudiants africains, européens, asiatiques ou américains. Au total, ceux qui l’ont connu ont été les trois à la fois et sont unanimes sur le caractère avant-gardiste de son action, son humanisme, sa bienveillance et son humilité.Certains ont dit que le Mali avait perdu son Victor Hugo de la recherche. Le Professeur était aussi un savant mélange de Louis Pasteur, d’Albert Schweitzer et de Hamadou Hampaté Bâ, s’il fallait se référer à quelques figures du passé pour souligner l’exception.Mais le Professeur Ogobara Doumbo était avant tout un homme singulier au service d'autres hommes, tourné vers l’excellence de la recherche mais aussi vers l'action dans l’une des régions les plus pauvres et les plus instables du monde à ce jour. Co – fondateur de SANTE SUD, promoteur de la médecine de campagne au Mali et de la médecine générale communautaire, il a œuvré de façon concrète et pratique à établir non seulement un réseau de recherche de pointe mais également à lutter contre l’exclusion dans des régions reculées et extrêmement pauvres. Directeur du MRTC, directeur adjoint chargé du Pôle Mali de l’Unité mixte du CNRS « Environnement Santé et Société » et associé à d’autres centres de recherche en France et aux Etats-Unis (l’UMR SESSTIM, la Tulane School of Public Health), il a créé un modèle de développement par la recherche s’adossant à de nombreuses collaborations internationales et interdisciplinaires.Un hommage issu du monde de la santé publique a été fait ici par des collègues qui appréciaient comme nous les valeurs du Professeur Doumbo. Nous retiendrons ici en complément quelques-unes de ses réalisations en lien avec les sciences humaines. A défaut de pouvoir mettre des mots sur l’immense vide laissé par le Professeur, nous avons voulu lister quelques publications dans ce domaine, pour que son œuvre serve d’exemple aux générations futures. Elles pourront trouver ici certaines de ses contributions scientifiques et s’en servir comme source d’inspiration.Christophe Angely, Martine Audibert, Jean-Claude Berthélemy, Jacky Mathonnat, Hamidou Niangaly, Josselin Thuilliez. Extrait de la bibliographie du Professeur Ogobara DoumboAgarwal, A et al. 2000. “Hemoglobin C Associated with Protection from Severe Malaria in the Dogon of Mali, a West African Population with a Low Prevalence of Hemoglobin S.” Blood 96(7): 2358–63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11001883 (June 22, 2018).Alonso, Pedro L. et al. 2011. “A Research Agenda to Underpin Malaria Eradication.” PLoS Medicine 8(1): e1000406. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21311579 (June 22, 2018).Arama, Charles et al. 2015. “Ethnic Differences in Susceptibility to Malaria: What Have We Learned from Immuno-Epidemiological Studies in West Africa?” Acta tropica 146: 152–56. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0001706X15000820 (June 22, 2018).Ardiet, Denis-Luc et al. 2014. “Patterns of Malaria Indices across Three Consecutive Seasons in Children in a Highly Endemic Area of West Africa: A Three Times-Repeated Cross-Sectional Study.” Malaria journal 13(1): 199. http://malariajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1475-2875-13-199 (June 22, 2018).Audibert, M et al. 1993. “Social and Epidemiological Aspects of Guinea Worm Control.” Social science & medicine (1982) 36(4): 463–74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8434271 (June 22, 2018).Barger, Breanna et al. 2009. “Intermittent Preventive Treatment Using Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapy Reduces Malaria Morbidity among School-Aged Children in Mali.” Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH 14(7): 784–91. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2009.02294.x (June 22, 2018).Barry, Amadou et al. 2018. “Optimal Mode for Delivery of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention in Ouelessebougou, Mali: A Cluster Randomized Trial” ed. Georges Snounou. PLOS ONE 13(3): e0193296. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29505578 (April 6, 2018).Berthélemy, Jean-Claude, Josselin Thuilliez, Ogobara Doumbo, and Jean Gaudart. 2013. “Malaria and Protective Behaviours: Is There a Malaria Trap?” Malaria journal 12(1): 200. http://malariajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1475-2875-12-200 (June 22, 2018).Billo, Mounkaila A. et al. 2012. “Sickle Cell Trait Protects Against Plasmodium Falciparum Infection.” American Journal of Epidemiology 176(suppl_7): S175–85. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23035141 (June 22, 2018).Bousema, Teun et al. 2016. “The Impact of Hotspot-Targeted Interventions on Malaria Transmission in Rachuonyo South District in the Western Kenyan Highlands: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial.” ed. Stephen John Rogerson. PLoS medicine 13(4): e1001993. http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001993 (June 22, 2018).Breman, Joel G. et al. 2006. 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It Takes a Village: Medical Research and Ethics in Mali.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 307(5710): 679–81. http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.1109773 (June 22, 2018).Doumbo, Ogobara, Ibrahima Socé Fall, and Doumbo Niaré. 2016. “[Malaria Is Still a Leading Cause of Fever and Death among Children and Pregnant Women in Africa in 2015].” Bulletin de l’Academie nationale de medecine 200(3): 453–66. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28635244 (June 22, 2018).Ellis, Ruth D et al. 2010. “Comparing the Understanding of Subjects Receiving a Candidate Malaria Vaccine in the United States and Mali.” The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene 83(4): 868–72. http://www.ajtmh.org/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.2010.10-0062 (June 22, 2018).Farnarier, G et al. 2000. “[Onchocerciasis and Epilepsy. Epidemiological Survey in Mali].” Medecine tropicale : revue du Corps de sante colonial 60(2): 151–55. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11100441 (June 22, 2018).Farouk, Salah E et al. 2005. “Different Antibody- and Cytokine-Mediated Responses to Plasmodium Falciparum Parasite in Two Sympatric Ethnic Tribes Living in Mali.” Microbes and infection 7(1): 110–17. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1286457904003284 (June 22, 2018).Gaudart, J et al. 2007. “[Spatial Cluster Detection without Point Source Specification: The Use of Five Methods and Comparison of Their Results].” Revue d’epidemiologie et de sante publique 55(4): 297–306. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0398762007001319 (June 22, 2018).Gaudart, Jean et al. 2006. “Space-Time Clustering of Childhood Malaria at the Household Level: A Dynamic Cohort in a Mali Village.” BMC public health 6(1): 286. http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2458-6-286 (June 22, 2018).Gaudart, Jean, Belco Poudiougou, Stéphane Ranque, and Ogobara Doumbo. 2005. “Oblique Decision Trees for Spatial Pattern Detection: Optimal Algorithm and Application to Malaria Risk.” BMC medical research methodology 5(1): 22. http://bmcmedresmethodol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2288-5-22 (June 22, 2018).Gaudart, Jean et al. 2009. “Modelling Malaria Incidence with Environmental Dependency in a Locality of Sudanese Savannah Area, Mali.” Malaria journal 8(1): 61. http://malariajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1475-2875-8-61 (June 22, 2018).Hill, Jenny et al. 2015. “Access and Use of Interventions to Prevent and Treat Malaria among Pregnant Women in Kenya and Mali: A Qualitative Study.” ed. 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