What Explains the U-Shape Form of Women’s Labor Force Participation Rate?

A well-established fact pertaining to women’s labor supply is a U-shaped relationship between women’s labor force participation and the level of development (as measured by income per capita), with participation being the highest in the poorest and richest countries.
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Agenor, P.R.  "What Explains the U-Shape Form of Women’s Labor Force Participation Rate?" Ferdi, Note brève B49, avril 2012