The policy of combating COVID-19 carried out in the North by confinement has the effect of transferring to the South the excess mortality attributable to the virus, because of the major recession that this
policy causes and which is transmitted to the South, where it is a source of excess mortality, more than in the North.
Guillaumont P. (2020) "How the North has transferred its risk of excess mortality due to coronavirus to the South: A draft model of international mortality transfer", Ferdi Policy brief B205, June 2020