The Paris Summit for a New Global Financing Pact in June 2023 was initially announced as a response to country vulnerabilities, in particular vulnerability to climate change. Support for vulnerable countries remains one of the principles of the Paris Pact for People and Planet (4P) that emerged from this summit1. Whatever the sectoral allocations or financial instruments recommended, it is necessary to ensure that the funds mobilised, especially those added to existing funding, will actually benefit vulnerable and poor countries or respond to situations of vulnerability.