Across Africa, Special Economic Zones (SEZs) have become a central feature of industrial policy. The pitch is compelling: areas within a nation’s borders, in which streamlined regulations, tax incentives, and dedicated infrastructure can help kick-start industrialization. In 1970 Mauritius became the first African country to establish a SEZ; as of 2023, more than 230 zones have been established in 43 African countries to attract investment, boost exports, and create jobs.
